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کد مقاله 1594

عنوان An Integrated Blockchain and Digital Twin Framework for Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Resilience: A Systematic Review of Applications, Challenges, and Future Pathways

نویسندگان Alireza Ostadzadeh - Alireza Talebi Tadi - Shohreh Ajoudanian

چکیده Background: The pharmaceutical supply chain (PSC) is a critical healthcare infrastructure facing unprecedented disruptions, including drug shortages, cold chain failures, and traceability gaps. The COVID-19 pandemic exposed these vulnerabilities, highlighting the urgent need for technology-driven resilience (Senbekov, Saliev et al. 2020); (Charoenwut, Kulvatunyou et al. 2026) Objectives: This systematic review synthesizes blockchain and digital twin applications in PSC management, identifies adoption barriers, and proposes an integrated resilience framework. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the IFSR framework (Daraio, Di Leo et al. 2025); (Page, McKenzie et al. 2021), we systematically searched Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and IEEE Xplore (2020-2026) using search terms covering blockchain, digital twins, and related enabling technologies (artificial intelligence, IoT, big data, and smart contracts) in the pharmaceutical supply chain context. From 295 initial records, 38 articles met inclusion criteria, supplemented by 5 additional sources identified through snowballing, yielding 43 studies included in the qualitative synthesis (Figure 1). This paper's reference list additionally cites 9 foundational or methodological works (e.g., the PRISMA statement, classical supply chain resilience theory) that support the conceptual framing but fall outside the systematic search itself, for 52 references in total. Results: Blockchain and digital twin convergence manifests across four domains: (1) end-to-end traceability (Charoenwut, Kulvatunyou et al. 2026); (Liu, Duan et al. 2025); (2) predictive disruption simulation (Tao, Zhang et al. 2018); (Kamble, Gunasekaran et al. 2020); (3) data security (Cerchione, Centobelli et al. 2023); (Hemdan and Sayed 2025); (Li, Lohachab et al. 2025); and (4) cold chain optimization (Liu, Wang et al. 2026); (Dash, Ghugar et al. 2024). Seven barriers impede adoption: lack of advanced models, regulatory ambiguity, scalability constraints, interoperability limitations, workforce skills gaps, high costs, and organizational resistance (Daraio, Di Leo et al. 2025); (Sasitharasarma, Alani et al. 2025); (Sharma, Srivastava et al. 2026) Conclusion: The proposed 4-layer framework data acquisition, digital twin modeling, resilience decision-making, and blockchain security provides a roadmap for enhancing PSC resilience. Achieving this requires interoperability standards, regulatory reform, and cross-sector collaboration.

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