اولین همایش بین المللی تحول خدمات سلامت: تلفیق مراقبت، درمان، بازتوانی و امیدبخشی

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کد مقاله 1638

عنوان Environmental health in the western Iran earthquake: a scoping review

نویسندگان Erfan Yousefzadeh - Mohsen Nouri - Zahra Qasemi - Yasaman Fallah

چکیده Background: Earthquakes disrupt environmental health systems by interrupting water supply and sanitation, generating large volumes of disaster waste, and damaging temporary and permanent shelter. The 21 November 2017 Kermanshah earthquake offers a clear case for examining these effects. This scoping review aimed to identify the main challenges and requirements related to environmental health and community resources after this event. Method: A scoping review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies published from 2017 to 2026 were considered. Eligible studies addressed the Kermanshah earthquake and examined environmental health or community-related resources, including emergency water supply and quality, sanitation and wastewater, disaster waste management, temporary shelter conditions, or sanitary infrastructure. Editorials, commentaries, letters, conference abstracts, and studies without clear methodology were excluded. Studies focusing exclusively on engineering, geological, or structural aspects without addressing environmental health, duplicates, or those lacking sufficient methodological information were also excluded. After screening by two researchers and resolving disagreements with a third researcher, 7 studies were included from the initially identified records. Finding: The findings were categorized into four areas: emergency water supply and quality, sanitation and environmental hygiene, disaster waste management, and temporary housing and community health needs. Emergency water supply and quality included complete disruption of urban distribution networks, elevated risks of turbidity and contamination, spatial risk assessment and vulnerability mapping, and the proposed establishment of support and supply centers for emergency water distribution. Sanitation and environmental hygiene included relatively effective inter-agency coordination in the first ten days after the earthquake, yet persistent unmet needs among survivors for safe water, proper sewage disposal, and solid-waste management in temporary shelters. Disaster waste management included large volumes of construction and demolition debris with differing compositions in urban and rural areas, significant logistical difficulties in collection and disposal, and the absence of prior preparedness plans together with weak inter-agency coordination. Temporary housing and community health needs included major challenges in providing affordable temporary and permanent shelter, reconstruction costs exceeding household economic capacity, and primary requirements for environmental hygiene education, vaccination, communicable-disease control, and support for vulnerable groups. Conclusion: Strengthening pre-disaster preparedness for emergency water systems, integrated waste management plans, sanitary infrastructure resilience, affordable temporary housing strategies, and coordinated environmental health responses may support continuity of community health services and reduce secondary public health risks after disasters.

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