سامانه همایش های دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نجف آباد

صفحه اصلی / اولین همایش بین المللی تحول خدمات سلامت: تلفیق مراقبت، درمان، بازتوانی و امیدبخشی

Nanotechnology in Disease Diagnosis and Treatment: Clinical Progress, Translational Barriers, and the Next Wave of Nanomedicine

نویسندگان :

Pedram Riahi¹ Maliheh Jahromi²

1- دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد نجف آباد 2- دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد نجف آباد

کلمات کلیدی :

nanotechnology،nanomedicine،nanoparticles،targeted drug delivery،molecular imaging،lipid nanoparticles،biosensors،clinical translation

چکیده :

Introduction: Nanotechnology can alter the properties of diagnostic and therapeutic agents by changing particle size, composition, surface charge, and payload architecture, with the potential to improve solubility, circulation time, tissue exposure, and toxicity.(1,2,5) Although early expectations were broad, several nanotechnology-based products are already in routine use, and lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines have shown that nanomedicine can support rapid, scalable clinical development.(1,3) This review evaluated the current state of the field, translational barriers, and opportunities for future development. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of representative clinical and translational evidence across diagnostic and therapeutic applications of nanotechnology. The review covered products already in use, emerging healthcare applications, and common barriers to adoption, organized by platform type and clinical domain, including oncology, infectious disease, imaging, biosensing, cardiovascular medicine, and neurological drug delivery. Emphasis was placed on practicality, reproducibility, and implementation constraints rather than preclinical promise alone. Results: Nanomedicine encompasses liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, albumin-bound particles, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, iron oxide nanoparticles, and gold-based systems, each with a distinct translational pathway.(1,5) Iron oxide nanoparticles have been used in selected MRI applications, and nanostructured biosensors have improved analytical sensitivity and multiplex detection, but reproducibility, workflow integration, and regulatory validation remain major limitations.(1,5) The strongest efficacy evidence is in oncology, where pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel improved tolerability and changed toxicity profiles, with benefits arising more often from reduced toxicity than from improved survival.(2,5) Lipid nanoparticles provided the delivery platform for highly effective and acceptably safe SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines.(3,4) In contrast, cardiovascular and neurological applications remain largely investigational because of complex biological environments, blood-brain barrier constraints, limited human efficacy data, and manufacturing and regulatory hurdles.(1,5) Unresolved issues include tissue stability, scale-up, batch consistency, sterility, and comparative effectiveness.(1,5) Discussion: The clinical impact of nanotechnology has been real but uneven across platforms.(1,5) Oncology drug delivery and lipid nanoparticle nucleic acid delivery are the clearest successes, while diagnostics and organ-targeted delivery are still developing.(2,5) Future progress will depend on matching specific nanoplatforms to specific clinical problems and demonstrating manufacturable, reproducible, and clinically meaningful benefit in real patients.(1,5) Keywords: nanotechnology, nanomedicine, nanoparticles, targeted drug delivery, molecular imaging, lipid nanoparticles, biosensors, clinical translation